Chapter 14:
Maintenance and Performance Guide
The Windows Update utility program provides an automatic and easy-to-use solution for installing software updates for Windows 10 on your PC or tablet. Microsoft has made sure that users don't avoid updates by making them automatic, but they added a function to defer updates for some time. This feature will scan your system to locate outdated software.
Automatic Updates for Windows 10
Downloading the latest updates from Microsoft is very important as they often come with performance and security improvements. Here’s how you can customize Windows Update:
Open Settings.
Click or tap on Update & security.
While in the Windows Update subheading, click or tap on Advanced options.
- Select the checkbox Give me updates for other Microsoft products when I update Windows if you want to receive other recommended updates for other Microsoft products that you own (for example, BitDefender or Microsoft Office).
- Some Windows 10 editions let you defer upgrades to your PC. When you check Defer upgrades, new Windows features won’t be downloaded or installed for several months. Deferring upgrades doesn’t affect security updates. Note that deferring upgrades will prevent you from getting the latest Windows features as soon as they’re available.
- Choose how updates are delivered allows you to update from more than one place. Windows updates and apps will be downloaded from other PCs in addition to Microsoft. This can help speed up app and update downloads. When this is turned on, your PC may also send parts of previously downloaded Windows updates and apps to PCs on your local network, or PCs on the Internet, depending on what you select.
Windows update has come a long way when it comes to picking a time when to restart. It will generally know when your most active time is and will notify you once updates are ready. Once it sees that you are not on your device for a certain period of time, it will go and restart the device if it is outside your active hours. You can also choose to restart your device manually either by clicking the notification sent by Windows update or going into Windows update settings and clicking or tapping Restart now.
You can also override active hours by setting a custom restart time. You can do this by opening Settings, click or tap Update & security. Go to the Windows update subheading and scroll to Restart options. Click on that and then move the slider to On and select a time and day. You can pick one of six days in advance. Your device will now use that time instead of your active hours and absence from the device.
If you have a PC that’s connected to a corporate network (via a network domain, for example), you might have to ask your system/IT administrator to turn on Windows Update.
You can always Check for updates manually if you think that Windows update hasn't downloaded the latest updates as soon as they're available or you want to have an update immediately instead of waiting for Windows update to check on its own.
Open Settings.
Click or tap Updates & security.
On the Windows update subheading, click or tap on Check for updates. Windows update will connect to Microsoft's update servers and download any available updates.
How to View, Hide and Restore Updates
In Windows 10, your device is always kept up to date with the latest features and fixes. Updates and drivers are installed automatically, with no need to select which updates are needed or not needed. In rare cases, a specific driver or update might temporarily cause issues with your device, and in this case you will need a way to prevent the problematic driver or update from reinstalling automatically the next time Windows Updates are installed.
If a driver or update you are being offered is causing system crashes or instability and Windows was operating correctly prior to that update, you can follow these instructions to prevent the unwanted driver or update from being installed:
To uninstall the unwanted driver:
Launch the Device Manager with a right click on Start (Windows key + X) and a left click on Device Manager.
Located the device driver with the problem driver installed, right click and choose Uninstall.
In the uninstall dialog, check the box to Delete the driver software for this device if available.
To uninstall an unwanted Windows Update:
Type “View Installed Updates” in the Search box and then click on View Installed Updates – Control Panel from the Search results.
To uninstall the unwanted update, select it from the list and then click Uninstall.
To temporarily prevent the driver or update from being reinstalled until a new driver or updated fix is available, a troubleshooter is available that provides a user interface for hiding and showing Windows Updates and drivers for Windows 10. You can obtain and run the "Show or hide updates" troubleshooter by downloading it from the Microsoft Download Center.
Run the troubleshooter to hide a driver update or update and again if you want to make it downloadable again or unhide it.
Optimizing your hard drive and freeing up space is one of the best and easiest ways to improve the overall performance of your Windows 10 computer. The reason why it is so easy is because Microsoft has developed and included a couple of valuable optimization tools into their operating system that will help you optimize the hard drive without the need for third-party tools.
How to Manually Optimize Your Hard Drive
You can optimize your hard drive manually by configuring and running the included optimization tools. The process is very simple, but there are a few requirements:
You cannot optimize a network drive as it is not a physically connected piece of hardware.
You cannot optimize a drive that was formatted using any of the following file systems: NTFS, FAT, or FAT32.
A drive needs to be running properly before it can be optimized. If the drive you want to use does not appear on the list, then you need to repair it first (see the next section for further instructions).
To optimize your hard drive in Windows 10 follow these steps:
Open Search.
In the search box, type “Defragment” and then click or tap on Defragment and optimize your drives from the list of results.
You can also open the Control Panel and search for the same keyword.
This will open the defragmentation tool. You will see a section labeled Current status.
Under the Status section, locate the hard drive you want to optimize and click or tap on the element.
Click or tap on Analyze to run an analysis test. The results will tell you if optimization is recommended for the selected drive.
After the analysis is completed, the current status column will display a percent value that corresponds to the percentage of the fragmentation.
If the value is more than 10%, you should optimize the hard drive. Just click or tap on Optimize to run the process.
This task might take a lot of time to finish (up to several hours). During this time, you can still use your PC, but lower-spec devices will have a significant drop in performance while the process is running.
How to Repair a Hard Drive in Windows 10
As explained in the previous section, if your hard drive does not appear in the list, then it likely has one or more errors that need to be repaired. Windows 10 comes with a handy tool that can fix a lot of problems and usually this is all that you need. To run this repair tool, follow these steps:
Open Search.
In the search box, type “This PC” and then click or tap on This PC from the list of results.
Press and hold or right-click the drive that you want to repair to bring up the contextual menu.
Click or tap on Properties.
In the Properties window, click or tap on the Tools tab and then under the label Error checking click or tap on Check.
This will run an automatic diagnostics and repair tool. Follow the instructions on the screen to scan and repair the hard drive.
After the process is finished, you will have to restart your PC.
How to Check Space on Your PC and Use Disk Cleanup
If you’re concerned about storage space on your PC, there are a few built-in tools that make it simple to check and clean-up your hard drive. To start, check how much free space is left on the drive. Here’s how:
Open Settings.
Click or tap on System and then on the Storage subheading.
Here you’ll see the total amount of free space as well as the total capacity of the disk.
If you are concerned with the current storage space situation, you can free up some space by running the Disk Cleanup tool. It will remove old application files and data that are no longer being used. You have control over a lot of parameters and you’ll be able to prevent the program from accidentally deleting important files. Here’s how you can run Disk Cleanup:
Right click on Start (Windows key + X) and click or tap on Control Panel.
Once you’ve opened the Control Panel, type “Admin” in the search box. Click or tap on Administrative Tools from the list of results.
In the next window, double-click or double-tap on Disk Cleanup.
If you have more than one drive, the system will ask you to select the drive you wish to clean up. Select the drive you want to clean and click or tap on OK.
Follow the on-screen instructions to configure Disk Cleanup. Once you’ve done the configuration, click or tap Delete files and Disk Cleanup will delete all the files that match the criteria.
The Task Manager has always been a very powerful tool and it has received even more features in Windows 10. You can use the Task Manager to monitor performance of your PC and identify which programs or services might be causing performance issues. However, the functionality of this tool doesn’t just end with monitoring. By using the Task Manager, you can actively boost your PC’s performance, troubleshoot problems and terminate unresponsive applications and services.
How to Open the Task Manager in Windows 10
The Task Manager has a lot of shortcuts associated with it and there were always many ways to open this tool. With touch support even more ways to open the tool were introduced. You’re free to use whichever suits you:
Press Control + Alt + Delete on your keyboard (“the three finger salute”) to open the Security screen. From this screen, you can click on Task Manager to open this tool.
Press Control + Shift + Escape on your keyboard to launch the Task Manager directly.
Press the Windows key () + X on your keyboard and select the Task Manager from the menu that pops up.
You can right-click or press and hold Start and select the Task Manager from the contextual menu.
You can search for “Task Manager” in the Control Panel search box or via the Search charm.
How to Use the Processes Tab
The Processes tab is opened by default and it displays all of the currently running processes along with their CPU, memory, disk and network usage. In Windows 10 all processes are divided into three categories: apps, background processes and Windows system processes. If you can’t see this categorization, click or tap on Name.
The data itself has been color-coded, with the darker colors representing the “heaviest” processes.
Clicking or tapping on of the columns will sort all of the processes based on the values in that column. This makes it easy to identify the highest spenders and monitor how they handle resources.
If you right-click or press and hold any of the items in the Processes tab, you will see a contextual menu for the selected item. Here you will have several options, but the three most important ones that you are likely to use are:
End task – this will close the task and terminate all of its associated processes. Usually, you would use this option for programs that have become unresponsive.
Search online – this option will open your browser and search online for information about the selected process. This is very handy if you need to identify an unknown process.
Properties – provides additional information about the selected process.
How to Customize the Performance Graph in Task Manager
The performance tab in the Task Manager was redesigned in Windows 8 and it is very different from what you might have used in older versions of Windows. Windows 10 kept this design as it’s modern, the graphs are easy to navigate and there is a lot of control over how the information is presented.
On the left sidebar you can switch between the CPU, your main working memory (RAM), your drive and Network connections to monitor their performance. Double-clicking or double-tapping on the graphs will switch between the full view and summary. You can also right-click or press and hold to open a contextual menu that will reveal more options that allow you to customize how the data is presented visually.
However, one of the best options has to be the simple copy-to-clipboard feature which makes it very easy to copy and paste performance information. Just right-click or press and hold on one of the items in the left sidebar and click or tap on Copy.
This will copy performance information to your clipboard and you can now paste this data into Notepad, Word or your email client. This is very valuable if you are communicating with support and need to send them some system information regarding the performance of your CPU or disks.
How to Optimize Your Windows Startup
In Windows 10, the Task Manager has a tab called Startup. Users can use this tab to optimize their PC’s startup by disabling third-party applications that launch with the OS.
In some previous versions users would be discouraged of customizing some of the available startup settings as they accidentally turn off important system utilities or drivers. Those programs are hidden from the Startup tab and there is no need to worry about it.
If you can’t decide whether or not you should disable a program from launching during the startup process, you can consult the Startup impact column. Windows will measure how much every startup item is impacting (slowing down) the startup process. A good rule of thumb is to disable programs that are marked with “High”.
Users who own a laptop or a tablet device with Windows 10 have a lot of tools at their disposal when it comes to managing and conserving battery power. While power consumption greatly depends on your usage and the device’s hardware, there are still a lot of ways to lower it just by using the built-in tools and a bit of application micro-management. In this guide, we will show you how to create and optimize your power plans. You can also read our article on using the Windows Task Manager to monitor and improve performance.
Power Plans in Windows 10
By default, your device will come with a couple of power plan presets that have already been configured. Laptop devices will have three power plans – Balanced, Power Saver and High Performance. You can select any of them by entering the Power Options menu (see the next section for detailed instructions).
Here’s an overview of these premade power plans and when they should be used:
High performance will maximize screen brightness and increase PC performance if there is hardware support on your device. Typically, this means that your processor will enter Turbo mode (if available). In this mode, the CPU works at a faster clock speed, which increases performance, but consumes more power.
Balanced offers optimized, full performance only when you are running intensive tasks and uses smart predictions to save power when you don’t need it. For most users, this is the best power plan, especially if you’ll be able to recharge your device within a couple of hours. This option might have a different name, depending on your device manufacturer (HP – HP Optimized).
Power saver is your go-to plan when you need to save as much battery power as possible, because you will not be able to charge your device anytime soon. This plan will save power by reducing the PC’s performance, preventing Turbo mode and considerably decreasing screen brightness.
How to Create Your Own Power Plan
Sometimes the premade power plans won’t offer exactly what you are looking for. The good news is that you can create your own as well. Creating your own power plan is very easy. Follow these steps:
Open Search.
Enter “power options” in the search bar and click or tap on Power options from the list of results.
In this settings window, you will see a list of all your power plans. You can switch between them by clicking or taping on the radio button next to them.
To create a new power plan, click or tap on Create a power plan and follow the instructions in the dialogue window.
On the next screen, you’ll be able to enter the name of the power plan as well as the preset you want to work on (as seen below).
Every power plan has two modes that you can customize. One mode determines the power options when the device is plugged in and the other will determine the options when the device is using the battery power. Customize these options according to your preferences.
Generally, if the device is plugged in to a power source, it makes sense to use high performance settings, but it is up to you to customize each power plan according to the situation. For an economy plan, it is advised to use the Power Saver template along with low brightness.